In 2013, WHO produced the first consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection, which were structured along the continuum of care. Since that time, WHO has committed to providing regular and predictable updates to these guidelines and to supplement them with new recommendations as new evidence becomes available. In March 2014, WHO released the first supplement to the 2013 antiretroviral (ARV) guidelines, which compiled a number of technical updates reflecting guidance on how best to implement the 2013 ARV guidelines. In this second supplement to the 2013 WHO consolidated guidelines, recommendations from two guideline development processes are includedvpost-exposure prophylaxis for HIV and the use of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-related infections among adults, adolescents and children