Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) were the only HIV prevention options that saw an increase in research and development (R&D) funding in 2017, reports the Resource Tracking for HIV Prevention Research & Development Working Group. The group’s annual report notes that funding for HIV prevention R&D declined for the fifth year in a row, with funding levels in 2017 representing the lowest investment since 2005. Funding for VMMC R&D rose by 67 percent, from US$10.4 million in 2016 to US$17.5 million in 2017.