These national guidelines for voluntary HIV counselling and testing provide detailed explanations of the communication skills required of a counsellor, the stages of the counselling process, and the varying needs of specific population groups, such as women, sex workers, health care workers, adolescents, and couples. Other sections address referrals and linking to services, handling special issues, and counsellor performance evaluation. Annexes provide counselling, assessment, and evaluation forms, as well as sample questionnaires.