AVAC’s 2019 report makes the case for ambitious targets for HIV research and for measuring the impact of HIV prevention in the post-2020 world. All countries and communities that have not yet reached 80 percent of infants, boys, or men targeted by the national prevention plan for voluntary medical male circumcision should have funding and strategies in place to meet those goals by the end of 2025. The report calls for a comprehensive new approach, called multi-layered prevention, that integrates biomedical interventions with policies and programmes that address structural barriers to HIV prevention.