These updated guidelines and standard operating procedures are provided to enable infectious diseases specialists, AIDS physicians (located in volunatry counselling and testing facilities) and others to assess the risk of non-occupational exposure to HIV and manage post-exposure prophylaxis in cases of non-occupational exposure. The most important changes in this version include a change in the prophylactic drug regimen, a simpler, less time-consuming procedure for post-exposure follow-up, and the option to provide pre-exposure prophylaxis to those at risk of HIV infection.