The thematic segment of the 51st PCB meeting is focused on the question: “HIV and men, in all their diversity, how can we get our responses back on track”. Why focus on men? Men and boys need to be in the picture for their own sake and for the sake of their partners, families and communities. Reducing HIV incidence in men will reduce HIV rates among their sexual and injecting-drug-use partners, lead to further declines in vertical transmission of HIV, and promote healthy child survival. Shifting the structural and economic inequalities, health exclusions, stigma and gender norms that affect men will benefit all excluded communities. Greater attention to the needs of men boys is needed to achieve the 2030 goal of ending AIDS as a public health threat.